[56] Chai R. Feldblum, Moral Conflict and Liberty: Gay Rights and Religion, Brooklyn Law Review, Vol. [1] Social, cultural, and legal signals and pressures can support or detract from the role of marriage in this regard. Marriage exists to bring a man and a woman together as husband and wife to be father and mother to any children their union produces. 
Are those inclined to such relationships being treated unjustly when their consensual romantic bonds go unrecognized, their children thereby stigmatized and their tax filings unprivileged? Over the past decade, a new question emerged: What does society have to lose by redefining marriage to exclude sexual complementarity? 
This does not mean that a couple could not decide to live out these norms where temperament or taste so motivated them, just that there is no reason of principle to demand that they do so. Defining Marriage. Marriage exists to make men and women responsible to each other and to any children that they might have. Marriage laws work by embodying and promoting a true vision of marriage, which makes sense of those norms as a coherent whole. 120, No. Marriage serves several functions. Marriage is societys least restrictive means of ensuring the well-being of children. Marriage is societys least restrictive means of ensuring the well-being of children. Typically, the institution of marriage begins with a period of courtship that culminates in an invitation to marry. Marriage has everything to do with men and women, husbands and wives, mothers and fathers and children, and that is why principle-based policy has defined marriage as the union of one man and one woman. Marriage must be color-blind, but it cannot be gender-blind. Marriage connects people and goods that otherwise tend to fragment. [50] Maggie Gallagher, Banned in Boston, The Weekly Standard, May 5, 2006, p. 20, http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/191kgwgh.asp (accessed March 6, 2013). The term marriage according to Odebunmi (2007) referred to the union of man and woman as husband and wife, which constitute the basic and essential unit of the society. In 2009, Newsweek reported that the United States already had over 500,000 polyamorous households. When a baby is born, there is always a mother nearby: That is a fact of reproductive biology. Web36. Because a marriage is recognized by law and by religious institutions, and involves economic ties between the spouses,a dissolution of marriage (annulment or divorce) must, in turn, involve a dissolution of the marriage relationship in all of these realms. [13] See Sara McLanahan, Elisabeth Donahue, and Ron Haskins, Introducing the Issue, Marriage and Child Wellbeing, Vol. The color of two peoples skin has nothing to do with what kind of marital bond they have. The Bible is clear: marriage is the only relationship in which people are to have sex. Disastrous policies such as no-fault divorce were also motivated by the idea that a marriage is made by romantic attachment and satisfactionand comes undone when these fade. Similarly, in a New York Times Magazine profile, gay activist Dan Savage encourages spouses to adopt a more flexible attitude about allowing each other to seek sex outside their marriage. It most certainly will do so, and that will make marriage a far better concept than it previously has been.[41] Professor Ellen Willis celebrates the fact that conferring the legitimacy of marriage on homosexual relations will introduce an implicit revolt against the institution into its very heart.[42], Michelangelo Signorile urges same-sex couples to demand the right to marry not as a way of adhering to societys moral codes but rather to debunk a myth and radically alter an archaic institution.[43] Same-sex couples should fight for same-sex marriage and its benefits and then, once granted, redefine the institution of marriage completely, because the most subversive action lesbians and gay men can undertakeis to transform the notion of family entirely.[44], It is no surprise that there is already evidence of this occurring. [28] E. J. Graff, Retying the Knot, in Andrew Sullivan, ed., Same-Sex Marriage: Pro and Con: A Reader (New York: Vintage Books, 1997), pp. hypothesis. In the genealogy, Joseph is referred to as the husband of Mary, who was the mother of Jesus at the time of his birth (Matthew 1:16). According to Jesus a marriage is supposed to last forever. However, the sexual difference between a man and a woman is central to what marriage is. The idea that romantic-emotional union is all that makes a marriage cannot explain or support the stabilizing norms that make marriage fitting for family life. The earliest English translation of the Quran to receive widespread and lasting acceptance in the English-speaking Muslim community is Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthalls The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, first published in 1930. [15] See Jason Richwine and Jennifer A. Marshall, The Regnerus Study: Social Science and New Family Structures Met with Intolerance, Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. a speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. Recognizing same-sex relationships as marriages would legally abolish that ideal. In another, marriage provides aand perhaps thefundamental building block of stable communities, with procreation as an incidental by-product. 41, No. Leading LGBT advocates admit that redefining marriage changes its meaning. In the Western world, monogamous marriage between two spouses is the most common form of marriage. Web101 views, 2 likes, 2 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Saint Edward Catholic Church: Saint Edward Catholic Church was live. 2 (January 2010), pp. [6] Ibid., p. 197. [17] See Children from Different Families, http://www.familystructurestudies.com/ (accessed March 4, 2013). The government does not create marriage. [19] Social Trends Institute, The Sustainable Demographic Dividend: What Do Marriage and Fertility Have to Do with the Economy? 2011, http://sustaindemographicdividend.org/articles/the-sustainable-demographic (accessed March 4, 2013). He vacillated between his deep religious faith on one side and his sexuality and joyful, infectious rock n roll on the other. This reduces marriage to a system to approve emotional bonds or distribute legal privileges. 4 (November 2003), pp. This is why 41 states, with good reason, affirm that marriage is between a man and a woman. [38] Scott James, Many Successful Gay Marriages Share an Open Secret, The New York Times, January 28, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/us/29sfmetro.html (accessed March 6, 2013). WebMarriage is a transaction and resulting contract in which a woman and a man are recognized by society as having a continuing claim to the right of sexual access to one another, and Redefining marriage is also a direct and demonstrable threat to religious freedom because it marginalizes those who affirm marriage as the union of a man and a woman. At its most basic level, marriage is about attaching a man and a woman to each other as husband and wife to be father and mother to any children their sexual union produces. This is not hypothetical. Marriage and the Public Good, signed by some 70 scholars, corroborates the philosophical case for marriage with extensive evidence from the social sciences about the welfare of children and adults. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/marriage-3026396. [33] Elizabeth Brake, Minimal Marriage: What Political Liberalism Implies for Marriage Law, Ethics, Vol. In other words, if sexual complementarity is optional for marriage, present only where preferred, then almost every other norm that sets marriage apart is optional. [40] Ari Karpel, Features: Monogamish, The Advocate, July 7, 2011, http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/features?page=7 (accessed March 7, 2013). Marriage can refer to a legal contract and civil status, a religious rite, Koyiit (2017) illustrated that marriage is It also serves to regulate sexual behavior, to transfer, preserve, or consolidate property, prestige, and power, and most importantly, it is the basis for the institution of the family. The government recognizes but does not create marriage. Web36. Webmarriage, as a comprehensive union of mind and body ordered to family life, unites a man and a woman as husband and wife, and they document the social value of applying this principle in law. Within international development, child marriage refers to marriage under age 18 years. The Definition of Marriage in Sociology. There is no such thing as parenting. There is mothering, and there is fathering, and children do best with both. Contrary to what some say, there is no ban on same-sex marriage. [30] Weakening marital norms and severing the connection of marriage with responsible procreation are the admitted goals of many prominent advocates of redefining marriage. Maggie Gallagher captures this insight with a pithy phrase: [S]ex makes babies, society needs babies, and children need mothers and fathers.[2] Connecting sex, babies, and moms and dads is the social function of marriage and helps explain why the government rightly recognizes and addresses this aspect of our social lives. WebThe Journal of Marriage and Family (JMF), published by the National Council on Family Relations, has been the leading research journal in the family field for more than 70 years and is consistently the most highly cited journal in family science. Rather, it leaves consenting adults free to live and love as they choose. Marriage laws work by embodying and promoting a true vision of marriage, which makes sense of those norms as a coherent whole. The norms of monogamy and sexual exclusivity encourage childbearing within a context that makes it most likely that children will be raised by their mother and father. It is a commitment for life. The marriage rate among older Americans keeps increasing, even as more and more younger adults never marry or postpone it until later in life, according to a statistical analysis released this week by the Institute for Family Studies. To know whether a law makes the right distinctionswhether the lines it draws are justifiedone has to know the public purpose of the law and the nature of the good being advanced or protected. 72, No. WebDifferent scholars and sociologist have tried to define it. It can only undermine those norms. [47] For more on this, see Jennifer Roback Morse, Why Californias Three-Parent Law Was Inevitable, Witherspoon Institute Public Discourse, September 10, 2012, http://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2012/09/6197 (accessed March 6, 2013). [50] Massachusetts public schools began teaching grade-school students about same-sex marriage, defending their decision because they are committed to teaching about the world they live in, and in Massachusetts same-sex marriage is legal. A Massachusetts appellate court ruled that parents have no right to exempt their children from these classes. Finally, support for marriage between a man and a woman is no excuse for animus against those with same-sex attractions or for ignoring the needs of individuals who, for whatever reason, may never marry. The administrative state may require those who contract with the government, receive governmental monies, or work directly for the state to embrace and promote same-sex marriage even if it violates their religious beliefs. A Brookings Institution study found that $229 billion in welfare expenditures between 1970 and 1996 can be attributed to the breakdown of the marriage culture and the resulting exacerbation of social ills: teen pregnancy, poverty, crime, drug abuse, and health problems. [18] Douglas W. Allen, Catherine Pakaluk, and Joseph Price, Nontraditional Families and Childhood Progress Through School: A Comment on Rosenfeld, Demography, November 2012. In all 50 states, two people of the same sex may choose to live together, choose to join a religious community that blesses their relationship, and choose a workplace offering joint benefits. Typically these roles involve a division of labor between the spouses, such that each is responsible for different tasks that are necessary within the family. WebMarriage is the only legitimate place for sex ( 1 Corinthians 7:2-5 ). And You, Newsweek, July 28, 2009, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/07/28/only-you-and-you-and-you.html (accessed March 6, 2013). There is nothing illegal about this. The Norm of Monogamy. Marriage is thus a personal relationship that serves a public purpose in a political community. Or limited to two persons. We reap the civil society benefits of marriage only if policy gets marriage right. [42] Ellen Willis, Can Marriage Be Saved? Rather, it cannot. [Former President George W.] Bush is correct, says Victoria Brownworth, when he states that allowing same-sex couples to marry will weaken the institution of marriage. Marrying this woman in what appears to be her condition is valid according to many scholars, and accordingly, there is no sin upon you in marrying If sexual complementarity is eliminated as an essential characteristic of marriage, then no principle limits civil marriage to monogamous couples. WebA marriage ceremony is called a wedding . WebDivorce and child custody. However, race has nothing to with marriage, and racist laws kept the races apart. [21] Robert Rector, Marriage: Americas Greatest Weapon Against Child Poverty, Heritage Foundation Special Report No. Marriage exists to bring a man and a woman together as husband and wife to be father and mother to any children their union produces. Marriage benefits everyone because separating the bearing and rearing of children from marriage burdens innocent bystanders: not just children, but the whole community. Understanding Marriage: Historical Orientation Setting the agenda for contemporary debate, ancient and medieval philosophers raised recurring themes in the philosophy of marriage: the relation between marriage and the state, the role of sex and procreation in marriage, and the gendered nature of spousal roles. To acknowledge such facts requires an understanding of what, at an essential level, makes a marriage. Civil recognition of the marriage union of a man and a woman serves the ends of limited government more effectively, less intrusively, and at less cost than does picking up the pieces from a shattered marriage culture. The correct answer is One. These statistics have penetrated American life to such a great extent that even President Barack Obama refers to them as well known: Fathers matter, and marriage helps to connect fathers to mothers and children. For highly dependent infants, there is no path to physical, moral, and cultural maturityno path to personal responsibilitywithout a long and delicate process of ongoing care and supervision to which mothers and fathers bring unique gifts. 1:08-cv-02278-JEC, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, March 18, 2010, http://www.telladf.org/UserDocs/WaldenSJorder.pdf (accessed March 6, 2013). Legally enshrining this alternate view of marriage would undermine the norms whose link to the common good is the basis for state recognition of marriage in the first place. No reason of principle requires an emotional union to be permanent or limited to two persons, much less sexually exclusive. What does the work are the social reality of marriage and the intelligibility of its norms. Most compellingly, they show that those who embrace same-sex civil marriage leave no firm groundnonefor not recognizing WebScholars and social commentators frequently argue that Americans are expecting more from their marriage than in the past (e.g., de Botton, 2012; DePaulo & Morris, 2005). Differences would be imminent no matter how much Culture affects beliefs. Web13 views, 0 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from West Bexar County Church of Christ: Sunday, 3/19 when a period is stipulated for its duration). Expert Answer 100% (3 ratings) Answer: 1. 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Are those inclined to such relationships being treated unjustly when their consensual romantic bonds go unrecognized, their children thereby stigmatized and their tax filings unprivileged? Over the past decade, a new question emerged: What does society have to lose by redefining marriage to exclude sexual complementarity? This does not mean that a couple could not decide to live out these norms where temperament or taste so motivated them, just that there is no reason of principle to demand that they do so. Defining Marriage. Marriage exists to make men and women responsible to each other and to any children that they might have. Marriage laws work by embodying and promoting a true vision of marriage, which makes sense of those norms as a coherent whole. 120, No. Marriage serves several functions. Marriage is societys least restrictive means of ensuring the well-being of children. Marriage is societys least restrictive means of ensuring the well-being of children. Typically, the institution of marriage begins with a period of courtship that culminates in an invitation to marry. Marriage has everything to do with men and women, husbands and wives, mothers and fathers and children, and that is why principle-based policy has defined marriage as the union of one man and one woman. Marriage must be color-blind, but it cannot be gender-blind. Marriage connects people and goods that otherwise tend to fragment. [50] Maggie Gallagher, Banned in Boston, The Weekly Standard, May 5, 2006, p. 20, http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/191kgwgh.asp (accessed March 6, 2013). The term marriage according to Odebunmi (2007) referred to the union of man and woman as husband and wife, which constitute the basic and essential unit of the society. In 2009, Newsweek reported that the United States already had over 500,000 polyamorous households. When a baby is born, there is always a mother nearby: That is a fact of reproductive biology. Web36. Because a marriage is recognized by law and by religious institutions, and involves economic ties between the spouses,a dissolution of marriage (annulment or divorce) must, in turn, involve a dissolution of the marriage relationship in all of these realms. [13] See Sara McLanahan, Elisabeth Donahue, and Ron Haskins, Introducing the Issue, Marriage and Child Wellbeing, Vol. The color of two peoples skin has nothing to do with what kind of marital bond they have. The Bible is clear: marriage is the only relationship in which people are to have sex. Disastrous policies such as no-fault divorce were also motivated by the idea that a marriage is made by romantic attachment and satisfactionand comes undone when these fade. Similarly, in a New York Times Magazine profile, gay activist Dan Savage encourages spouses to adopt a more flexible attitude about allowing each other to seek sex outside their marriage. It most certainly will do so, and that will make marriage a far better concept than it previously has been.[41] Professor Ellen Willis celebrates the fact that conferring the legitimacy of marriage on homosexual relations will introduce an implicit revolt against the institution into its very heart.[42], Michelangelo Signorile urges same-sex couples to demand the right to marry not as a way of adhering to societys moral codes but rather to debunk a myth and radically alter an archaic institution.[43] Same-sex couples should fight for same-sex marriage and its benefits and then, once granted, redefine the institution of marriage completely, because the most subversive action lesbians and gay men can undertakeis to transform the notion of family entirely.[44], It is no surprise that there is already evidence of this occurring. [28] E. J. Graff, Retying the Knot, in Andrew Sullivan, ed., Same-Sex Marriage: Pro and Con: A Reader (New York: Vintage Books, 1997), pp. hypothesis. In the genealogy, Joseph is referred to as the husband of Mary, who was the mother of Jesus at the time of his birth (Matthew 1:16). According to Jesus a marriage is supposed to last forever. However, the sexual difference between a man and a woman is central to what marriage is. The idea that romantic-emotional union is all that makes a marriage cannot explain or support the stabilizing norms that make marriage fitting for family life. The earliest English translation of the Quran to receive widespread and lasting acceptance in the English-speaking Muslim community is Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthalls The Meaning of the Glorious Quran, first published in 1930. [15] See Jason Richwine and Jennifer A. Marshall, The Regnerus Study: Social Science and New Family Structures Met with Intolerance, Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. a speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. Recognizing same-sex relationships as marriages would legally abolish that ideal. In another, marriage provides aand perhaps thefundamental building block of stable communities, with procreation as an incidental by-product. 41, No. Leading LGBT advocates admit that redefining marriage changes its meaning. In the Western world, monogamous marriage between two spouses is the most common form of marriage. Web101 views, 2 likes, 2 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Saint Edward Catholic Church: Saint Edward Catholic Church was live. 2 (January 2010), pp. [6] Ibid., p. 197. [17] See Children from Different Families, http://www.familystructurestudies.com/ (accessed March 4, 2013). The government does not create marriage. [19] Social Trends Institute, The Sustainable Demographic Dividend: What Do Marriage and Fertility Have to Do with the Economy? 2011, http://sustaindemographicdividend.org/articles/the-sustainable-demographic (accessed March 4, 2013). He vacillated between his deep religious faith on one side and his sexuality and joyful, infectious rock n roll on the other. This reduces marriage to a system to approve emotional bonds or distribute legal privileges. 4 (November 2003), pp. This is why 41 states, with good reason, affirm that marriage is between a man and a woman. [38] Scott James, Many Successful Gay Marriages Share an Open Secret, The New York Times, January 28, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/us/29sfmetro.html (accessed March 6, 2013). WebMarriage is a transaction and resulting contract in which a woman and a man are recognized by society as having a continuing claim to the right of sexual access to one another, and Redefining marriage is also a direct and demonstrable threat to religious freedom because it marginalizes those who affirm marriage as the union of a man and a woman. At its most basic level, marriage is about attaching a man and a woman to each other as husband and wife to be father and mother to any children their sexual union produces. This is not hypothetical. Marriage and the Public Good, signed by some 70 scholars, corroborates the philosophical case for marriage with extensive evidence from the social sciences about the welfare of children and adults. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/marriage-3026396. [33] Elizabeth Brake, Minimal Marriage: What Political Liberalism Implies for Marriage Law, Ethics, Vol. In other words, if sexual complementarity is optional for marriage, present only where preferred, then almost every other norm that sets marriage apart is optional. [40] Ari Karpel, Features: Monogamish, The Advocate, July 7, 2011, http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/features?page=7 (accessed March 7, 2013). Marriage can refer to a legal contract and civil status, a religious rite, Koyiit (2017) illustrated that marriage is It also serves to regulate sexual behavior, to transfer, preserve, or consolidate property, prestige, and power, and most importantly, it is the basis for the institution of the family. The government recognizes but does not create marriage. Web36. Webmarriage, as a comprehensive union of mind and body ordered to family life, unites a man and a woman as husband and wife, and they document the social value of applying this principle in law. Within international development, child marriage refers to marriage under age 18 years. The Definition of Marriage in Sociology. There is no such thing as parenting. There is mothering, and there is fathering, and children do best with both. Contrary to what some say, there is no ban on same-sex marriage. [30] Weakening marital norms and severing the connection of marriage with responsible procreation are the admitted goals of many prominent advocates of redefining marriage. Maggie Gallagher captures this insight with a pithy phrase: [S]ex makes babies, society needs babies, and children need mothers and fathers.[2] Connecting sex, babies, and moms and dads is the social function of marriage and helps explain why the government rightly recognizes and addresses this aspect of our social lives. WebThe Journal of Marriage and Family (JMF), published by the National Council on Family Relations, has been the leading research journal in the family field for more than 70 years and is consistently the most highly cited journal in family science. Rather, it leaves consenting adults free to live and love as they choose. Marriage laws work by embodying and promoting a true vision of marriage, which makes sense of those norms as a coherent whole. The norms of monogamy and sexual exclusivity encourage childbearing within a context that makes it most likely that children will be raised by their mother and father. It is a commitment for life. The marriage rate among older Americans keeps increasing, even as more and more younger adults never marry or postpone it until later in life, according to a statistical analysis released this week by the Institute for Family Studies. To know whether a law makes the right distinctionswhether the lines it draws are justifiedone has to know the public purpose of the law and the nature of the good being advanced or protected. 72, No. WebDifferent scholars and sociologist have tried to define it. It can only undermine those norms. [47] For more on this, see Jennifer Roback Morse, Why Californias Three-Parent Law Was Inevitable, Witherspoon Institute Public Discourse, September 10, 2012, http://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2012/09/6197 (accessed March 6, 2013). [50] Massachusetts public schools began teaching grade-school students about same-sex marriage, defending their decision because they are committed to teaching about the world they live in, and in Massachusetts same-sex marriage is legal. A Massachusetts appellate court ruled that parents have no right to exempt their children from these classes. Finally, support for marriage between a man and a woman is no excuse for animus against those with same-sex attractions or for ignoring the needs of individuals who, for whatever reason, may never marry. The administrative state may require those who contract with the government, receive governmental monies, or work directly for the state to embrace and promote same-sex marriage even if it violates their religious beliefs. A Brookings Institution study found that $229 billion in welfare expenditures between 1970 and 1996 can be attributed to the breakdown of the marriage culture and the resulting exacerbation of social ills: teen pregnancy, poverty, crime, drug abuse, and health problems. [18] Douglas W. Allen, Catherine Pakaluk, and Joseph Price, Nontraditional Families and Childhood Progress Through School: A Comment on Rosenfeld, Demography, November 2012. In all 50 states, two people of the same sex may choose to live together, choose to join a religious community that blesses their relationship, and choose a workplace offering joint benefits. Typically these roles involve a division of labor between the spouses, such that each is responsible for different tasks that are necessary within the family. WebMarriage is the only legitimate place for sex ( 1 Corinthians 7:2-5 ). And You, Newsweek, July 28, 2009, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/07/28/only-you-and-you-and-you.html (accessed March 6, 2013). There is nothing illegal about this. The Norm of Monogamy. Marriage is thus a personal relationship that serves a public purpose in a political community. Or limited to two persons. We reap the civil society benefits of marriage only if policy gets marriage right. [42] Ellen Willis, Can Marriage Be Saved? Rather, it cannot. [Former President George W.] Bush is correct, says Victoria Brownworth, when he states that allowing same-sex couples to marry will weaken the institution of marriage. Marrying this woman in what appears to be her condition is valid according to many scholars, and accordingly, there is no sin upon you in marrying If sexual complementarity is eliminated as an essential characteristic of marriage, then no principle limits civil marriage to monogamous couples. WebA marriage ceremony is called a wedding . WebDivorce and child custody. However, race has nothing to with marriage, and racist laws kept the races apart. [21] Robert Rector, Marriage: Americas Greatest Weapon Against Child Poverty, Heritage Foundation Special Report No. Marriage exists to bring a man and a woman together as husband and wife to be father and mother to any children their union produces. Marriage benefits everyone because separating the bearing and rearing of children from marriage burdens innocent bystanders: not just children, but the whole community. Understanding Marriage: Historical Orientation Setting the agenda for contemporary debate, ancient and medieval philosophers raised recurring themes in the philosophy of marriage: the relation between marriage and the state, the role of sex and procreation in marriage, and the gendered nature of spousal roles. To acknowledge such facts requires an understanding of what, at an essential level, makes a marriage. Civil recognition of the marriage union of a man and a woman serves the ends of limited government more effectively, less intrusively, and at less cost than does picking up the pieces from a shattered marriage culture. The correct answer is One. These statistics have penetrated American life to such a great extent that even President Barack Obama refers to them as well known: Fathers matter, and marriage helps to connect fathers to mothers and children. For highly dependent infants, there is no path to physical, moral, and cultural maturityno path to personal responsibilitywithout a long and delicate process of ongoing care and supervision to which mothers and fathers bring unique gifts. 1:08-cv-02278-JEC, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, March 18, 2010, http://www.telladf.org/UserDocs/WaldenSJorder.pdf (accessed March 6, 2013). Legally enshrining this alternate view of marriage would undermine the norms whose link to the common good is the basis for state recognition of marriage in the first place. No reason of principle requires an emotional union to be permanent or limited to two persons, much less sexually exclusive. What does the work are the social reality of marriage and the intelligibility of its norms. Most compellingly, they show that those who embrace same-sex civil marriage leave no firm groundnonefor not recognizing WebScholars and social commentators frequently argue that Americans are expecting more from their marriage than in the past (e.g., de Botton, 2012; DePaulo & Morris, 2005). Differences would be imminent no matter how much Culture affects beliefs. Web13 views, 0 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from West Bexar County Church of Christ: Sunday, 3/19 when a period is stipulated for its duration). Expert Answer 100% (3 ratings) Answer: 1. 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